Who are the candidates vying to lead the UN?
Observers say it is difficult to pick a favorite, given that the world's major powers are divided on the outcome, but Costa Rica's Rebeca Grynspan was the front-runner after the first informal straw poll to gauge each candidate's support.
Olara Otunnu is one of the candidates vying to lead United Nations. (File photo)
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Five women and three men are in the running to succeed Antonio Guterres as leader of the United Nations, which faces unprecedented global instability, wars and its own crushing budget crisis.
Observers say it is difficult to pick a favorite, given that the world's major powers are divided on the outcome, but Costa Rica's Rebeca Grynspan was the front-runner after the first informal straw poll to gauge each candidate's support.
Argentina's Rafael Grossi -- the current head of the UN nuclear watchdog -- is also a candidate along with Chile's Michelle Bachelet, Ecuador's Maria Fernanda Espinosa, Guyana's Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett, Ecuador's Ivonne A-Baki, Uganda's Olara Otunnu and Senegal's Macky Sall.
Even if one candidate gets the required nine votes on the 15-member Security Council -- which chooses the future UN chief before submitting the name for approval by the General Assembly -- that candidate must also avoid a veto.
The United States, Britain, China, France and Russia thus have the future of the world body in their hands.
Here is a look at the contenders:
Olara Otunnu
Otunnu, 75, served as UN under-secretary general and special representative for children and armed conflict from 1997 to 2005 under then UN chief Kofi Annan.
He also served as Uganda's UN envoy, and as his country's foreign minister for a brief period.
Otunnu stood as the presidential candidate for the opposition Uganda People's Congress in the 2011 election, losing to longtime leader Yoweri Museveni, in office since 1986.
Rebeca Grynspan
Grynspan -- Costa Rica's former vice president -- leads the UN trade and development body (UNCTAD), but took leave from her duties to campaign for the top UN post.
In 2022, she pulled off a diplomatic feat by brokering the Black Sea Grain Initiative between Moscow and Kyiv to allow grain exports following Russia's invasion.
The 70-year-old plays up her personal story as the daughter of Jewish parents who she says "barely survived" the Holocaust before emigrating to Costa Rica.
She has lamented that the UN has become what she calls a "risk-conservative organization."
Michelle Bachelet
A Chilean socialist brutally tortured by the regime of Augusto Pinochet, Bachelet became her country's first woman president in 2006.
Bachelet, 74, has said the UN secretary-general should have the "moral voice" to lead, even under pressure from major powers.
She is backed by Mexico and Brazil -- but Chile withdrew its support after far-right President Jose Antonio Kast took office. The United States has criticized her, especially on her support for abortion rights.
Maria Fernanda Espinosa
Espinosa, a former foreign minister of Ecuador, has called the United Nations the only universal platform for handling humanity's common challenges, but also wants deeper reform of the world body.
The 61-year-old, a previous president of the UN General Assembly, has suggested creating an "early warning" system to detect and flag signs of impending conflict.
Espinosa's candidacy has been backed by Antigua and Barbuda, but not her own country.
Rafael Grossi
The 65-year-old Grossi, an Argentine career diplomat, has led the International Atomic Energy Agency since 2019, propelling him into the middle of the battle over Iran's nuclear program as well as the Russian occupation of Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant.
He did not step down from his current post to campaign for secretary-general, saying it would be a "dereliction of duty."
Some observers say he's been more strident in pushing for UN reform, and believes the UN secretary-general should take a more hands-on approach.
Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett
Rodrigues-Birkett, the 52-year-old former foreign minister of Guyana, is currently her country's ambassador to the UN.
She has said the United Nations needs to restore its "credibility" on the global stage.
"The UN is judged through the peace and security lens. But the UN is much wider than that and it's delivering in many, many areas -- in development, in human rights," she said.
Ivonne A-Baki
Ivonne A-Baki, 75, is an Ecuadoran diplomat and politician who represented Quito as ambassador to Washington where she was seen as forging close ties with US President Donald Trump.
Nominated by Tonga, A-Baki has strong Gulf connections having served as Ecuador's ambassador to Qatar.
"I have lived through the ravages of war," she wrote on social media. "I stand ready to help renew the UN Charter's foundational promise: to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war."
Macky Sall
Macky Sall, 64, is the only candidate not from Latin America -- which is where the next UN boss should come, according to convention.
The former Senegalese president has stressed the link between peace and development.
Proposed by Burundi, the current chair of the African Union, Sall finally got the backing of his own country this week.
Senegalese authorities accuse him of bloodily repressing violent political demonstrations that left dozens dead between 2021 and 2024.
'End of the road'?
Even if a candidate earns the required nine votes from the 15 available in the Security Council, they must also avoid a veto by the five major powers, which are deeply divided.
Once a candidate clears those bars, their name will go to the General Assembly of all UN members for confirmation.
The Security Council straw poll was devised in the early 1980s in an attempt to break a deadlock between two candidates shut down by vetoes.
The informal mechanism has persisted, in various forms, despite criticism from countries opposed to the opaque process.
"There is a good chance that some nominees realize after (Friday's) vote that their campaigns have reached the end of the road," Forti added.
Each member state must anonymously assign each candidate one of three labels: "encourage," "discourage," or "no opinion."
That would give those with no support the opportunity to withdraw -- though they are not obliged.
In the first rounds of the process expected to take several weeks, all ballots are the same color.
But after an unspecified number of votes, the ballots of the five permanent members will become a different color from those of the elected members, making it possible to identify potential vetoes, without knowing which country blackballed any given candidate.
It is tradition that the UN's top job should rotate between different regions.
Under that premise, the role should go to a candidate from Latin America this time. There are many candidates from the region, though Sall and Otunnu hail from Africa.