Sudan: from protests to new military ruler's pledges

Sudan's new military ruler vowed on Saturday to "uproot" the regime of Omar al-Bashir, ousted this week after four months of protests. 

His successor, military council chief General Awad Ibn Ouf, then resigned a day later. 

Here is a timeline of the upheaval in the country.

Bread protests 

Hundreds take to the streets in various cities on December 19, 2018 to protest the government's tripling of bread prices, some chanting, "No to hunger". 

The demonstrations spread and broaden into calls for Bashir's iron-fisted regime to quit.

Offices of his ruling National Congress Party (NCP) are torched in several towns. 

The protests reach Khartoum on December 20, demonstrators chanting "freedom, peace, justice".

Clashes break out as police try to disperse the crowds and eight demonstrators are killed in two cities. 

A grab from a broadcast on Sudan TV on April 13, 2019 shows Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Abdulrahman, new chief of Sudan's ruling military council, in the capital Khartoum. - Sudan's new military ruler on April 13 vowed to "uproot" the regime of ousted leader Omar al-Bashir and its symbols, in a televised address to the nation.

Bashir resists 

Bashir breaks his silence after six days of demonstrations, vowing "real reforms" on December 24.

On January 1 this year, 22 political groups call for a "new regime".

On January 9, thousands chant support for Bashir in Khartoum. But in the capital's twin city of Omdurman, there are more deaths in anti-government protests.

On January 13, protests spread to the war-torn western region of Darfur. 

 Emergency rule 

On February 21, security agents arrest several opposition activists as protesters try to march on the presidential palace.

Bashir declares a nationwide state of emergency on February 22, also dissolving the federal and provincial governments.

Two days later, he swears in a new prime minister as riot police confront hundreds calling for him to resign.

On March 1, Bashir hands his powers as chief of the ruling NCP to his deputy.

Sudanese demonstrators gather during a rally demanding a civilian body to lead the transition to democracy, outside the army headquarters in the Sudanese capital Khartoum on April 13, 2019. - Sudan's new military leader General Awad Ibn Ouf resigned late on April 12 just a day after being sworn in, as the country's army rulers insisted they would pave the way for a civilian government. (Photo by AFP)

Sit-in at army HQ 

On April 6, thousands gather for the first time outside the military headquarters in Khartoum and chant "One Army, One People" in a call for support from the armed forces.

They set up camp at the complex, which also houses the president's residence, defying attempts by police to dislodge them with tear gas and gunshots into the air.

On April 9, police follow the military's policy of non-intervention and order their forces not to take action against demonstrators.

State media report that 11 people including six members of the security forces have been killed in one day, raising the official death toll in the weeks of demonstrations to 49.

 Bashir ousted 

On April 11, the sixth day of the sit-in, Defence Minister Awad Ibn Ouf announces on state television that Bashir has been removed from power and detained.

He says a transitional military council will replace Bashir for two years. 

The country's borders and airspace are shut and Ibn Ouf announces a night-time curfew.

Later that evening, he is sworn in as chief of the military council now in charge.

 Regime coup  

A furious opposition accuses the regime of keeping in place "the same old faces" and demand civilian rule, a call backed by the United Nations, African Union and Western nations. 

Thousands defy the curfew overnight into Friday, remaining camped outside the army headquarters, some chanting "peace! justice! freedom!"

Addressing the media on Friday, the new military leaders pledge talks with "all political entities" on forming a civilian government.

They also warn they would "not allow any breach of security anywhere" and rule out Bashir's extradition on an arrest warrant by the International Criminal Court to face genocide and war crimes charges.

In the evening, Ibn Ouf announces on state television he is stepping down and names General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Abdulrahman to succeed him.

Crowds of Sudanese celebrate in the capital.

Sudanese soldiers flash the victory gesture as they sit in the back of a technical (pickup truck mounted with a turret) nearby a scene of gathering demonstrators during a rally demanding a civilian body to lead the transition to democracy, outside the army headquarters in the Sudanese capital Khartoum on April 13, 2019 . (Photo by AFP)

New military ruler makes promises 

On Saturday, the head of Sudan's feared National Intelligence and Security Service, Salih Ghosh, resigns.

Sudan's new military ruler vows in a televised address to the nation to "uproot" the Bashir regime and its symbols.

Burhan says those involved in the killing of protesters will be put on trial, a night-time curfew will be lifted and jailed protesters released.