Prostate cancer on the rise, men advised to seek life-saving tests

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Rising prostate cancer cases across Uganda have placed renewed attention on the need for early testing and treatment, as new data from the Uganda Cancer Institute shows significant regional increases.

The figures were shared by consultant oncologist Dr Fred Okuku during a briefing at the Uganda Media Centre on November 21, 2025.

Dr Okuku said that in Mbarara prostate cancer accounts for 18% of new adult cancer cases, making it the most common adult malignancy, with 176 new cases recorded.

He further noted that it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in Uganda and remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths.

In Kampala, he stated that prostate cancer accounts for 11% of new cases, with 764 cases reported, ranking it the third most common cancer.

He added that in Gulu, prostate cancer accounts for 13% of new cases, with 68 cases recorded as the third most common disease. The statistics confirm the growing nationwide burden.

Dr Okuku said they are witnessing an increasing number of men presenting with advanced stages of the disease, particularly those aged above 45 years.

Awareness month

He noted that November is globally recognised as Prostate Cancer Month and explained that the disease is most common among men aged 60 to 70 years.

He said it is a mandatory responsibility of the UCI to update the country on statistics relating to prostate cancer, which is why he had come to the Uganda Media Centre, a government body where information is delivered to the public.

“Many of these late presentations stem from low awareness, fear, stigma, and myths surrounding cancer and male health. This calls for an urgent need for consistent public education, early screening, and stronger community engagement,” Okuku said.

He added, “We will continue leading national efforts in prevention, research, training, treatment, and advocacy to ensure that every man has the opportunity to live a long, productive, and healthy life.”

He said the Institute, together with the Ministry of Health and other partners, has intensified outreach and community screening programmes.

He revealed that they have expanded diagnostic imaging, laboratory services, and improved the availability of essential cancer medicines.

“To make a lasting impact, we cannot work alone. Combating prostate cancer requires partnership and collective responsibility,” he added.

Target groups for testing

Clinical data show that men aged 45 years and above are at the highest risk of prostate cancer, and the risk is even higher for those with a family history of prostate, breast, or related cancers.

Most men seek medical help only when the disease has progressed, with symptoms such as difficulty passing urine, blood in urine or semen, persistent lower back or pelvic pain, or unexplained weight loss.

How to detect prostate cancer

A simple and affordable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test combined with a medical examination is sufficient to detect potential problems before symptoms arise. For people with a family history of cancer, screening should start even earlier.

The UCI offers a full range of treatment options, including advanced radiotherapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and supportive care.

What needs to be done to increase advocacy

Men are encouraged to prioritise their health, speak openly about prostate issues, and embrace regular screening. Families should support their fathers, husbands, brothers, and sons in seeking early medical care.

Community leaders and workplaces should create supportive environments that promote men’s health and routine check-ups.

Policy makers and leaders are encouraged to continue investing in cancer prevention, early detection infrastructure, and treatment services that are accessible and affordable to all citizens.