Eight lessons of the 1994 Rwanda genocide
April 7 was the 15th anniversary of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. Hutu zealots viciously set upon Rwanda’s one million Tutsis for the most brutal decimation of an ethnic group within 100 hours in Africa and the world.
By Chido Nwangwu
April 7 was the 15th anniversary of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. Hutu zealots viciously set upon Rwanda’s one million Tutsis for the most brutal decimation of an ethnic group within 100 hours in Africa and the world.
On April 7, 2004, Rwandan President Paul Kagame specifically named Belgium, Britain and the US for withdrawing their forces when the Rwandans needed them, asserting that: “Injustice of powerful nations should be stopped. Rwanda should be a good example to learn a lesson.â€
The first lesson of the Rwanda genocide is that moral and courageous leadership serve our collective and singular moral interests. Kagame’s view dovetails with the words of the civil rights icon Martin Luther King Jr. in his Letter from Birmingham Jail (April 16, 1963) arguing that “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.â€
Also, later the holocaust survivour, Nobel Peace prize winner Elie Wiesel in his book Un die welt hot geshvign (And the World Kept Silent) later updated as Night, wrote: “Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant. Whenever men or women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must — at that moment — become the centre of the universe.â€
Biafra, Rwanda, Darfur and other geopolitical zones of killings and human tragedy are reminders of the past and continuing centres of the universe.
Reflecting on the crises of 1994, Gen. Romeo Dallaire, the UN commander whose call for reinforcements was ignored, said recently: “The international community did not give one damn for Rwandans because Rwanda was a country of no strategic importance.†Bill Clinton was the president of the US at the time.
The second lesson of the Rwanda Hutu-imposed genocide is that we have all seen the face of evil; sometimes, they reside among us. The Rwanda genocide is still fresh as the zone where next door neighbours and teenagers used knives and machettes and dane guns and assault rifles to kill those they played soccer with and fetched water from the same stream only a few hours earlier.
Hutu set Tutsi houses on fire to destroy the lives of those who sang and played at the churches and village squares. The slaughter of women and children and all moving objects with any and all available weapons marked a new low in the depravity of malice and prejudice. The Rwandans have been for decades almost 92% Christians (57% Catholic).
There are almost 10 million Rwandans. Demographically, the Hutu (Bantu) form 84% of the population while the endangered Tutsi (Hamitic) constitute only 13%. There are the Twa (Pygmy) who form 1.4%.
A third lesson of the domestic slaughter in 1994 in Rwanda is the highlight of the wider bloody history of annual violent bigotry inside Africa by Africans, what I call Africans-on-Africans-violence.
They remind me of an interview the Voice of America (VOA) international service on September 11, 2002 where I said that: “The armies of bigotry, and murderous hatefulness have left a very severe and deadly impact on Africa.†Those armies, to be sure, are both external and local. Which leads to the fourth lesson; a question: when will the blame everything on the white man-white person and colonialists and colonialism.
Think beyond the instinct to hold external factors entirely responsible for the continent’s problems?
I must note, that for all the divide and conquer and arbitrary mapping and lumping of dissimilar ethnic nationalities into awkward countries, for all the despoliation and degradation and exploitation of our African continent, white people did not compel the Hutu to express such primitive, medieval hateful, mechanised malice against their compatriots, the Tutsi.
The fifth lesson of the Rwanda genocide reveals the nakedness of one of the dirty secrets of African leaderships over the past 60 years: the weak-kneed clause of non-interference into the sovereign issues in other member states of the defunct organisation of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union.
They strive to protect their priviledged ponds of opulence and umbrellas of dictatorship and autocracy.
It is important to note that long before 1994 Rwanda, it is to the eternal credit of the late, great sage and President of Tanzania, Dr. Julius Nyerere that he tore the veil off the tawdry non-interference and sovereignty in the face of human catastrophe when he interfered progressively against Nigeria’s starvation policies against then Biafrans (Igbo, Anang, Efik and 13 million other south eastern Nigerians during their 1967-1970 war for survival and independence from the rest of Nigeria). After Biafra, Nyerere stood up against the dictator Amin of Uganda in 1979, forcing Amin's regime to fall.
The sixth lesson derives from another question: long before and 15 years after the bloody genocide in Rwanda, millions of people still wonder when the looters and dealers masquerading as African leaders will be responsive and sensitive.
When will they provide the basic, fundamental justification for the creation of their countries? Why are Africans and other parts of the world held in some of these corrupt cages, sorry countries, by very corrupt leaders?
The seventh lesson demands that the problems are not 100% local. Political economy fact is that the Western world and colonialist Europe, especially, have some responsibility for sowing the festering seeds to some of these problems by cobbling ethnic nations arbitrarily.
Some of the countries have been hampered through neo-colonialist financial structures and wealth transfers, predatory actions which fuel their collapse as another of bankrupt African economies and geo-politically failed states.
The eight lesson is that humankind overcomes evil, over time. Today, Rwandans are healing and rebuilding their infrastructure but the question remains.
When will Africans, their leaders and all of the world’s leaders aggressively defend the lives of all people as a stand for the common thread of our shared humanity?
I agree with prophet Dr. King’s global connectedness of injustice and justice. Those leaders who failed us on Rwanda failed to heed the lessons of history and King’s moral challenge.
Publisher of USAfricaonline.com
April 7 was the 15th anniversary of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. Hutu zealots viciously set upon Rwanda’s one million Tutsis for the most brutal decimation of an ethnic group within 100 hours in Africa and the world.
On April 7, 2004, Rwandan President Paul Kagame specifically named Belgium, Britain and the US for withdrawing their forces when the Rwandans needed them, asserting that: “Injustice of powerful nations should be stopped. Rwanda should be a good example to learn a lesson.â€
The first lesson of the Rwanda genocide is that moral and courageous leadership serve our collective and singular moral interests. Kagame’s view dovetails with the words of the civil rights icon Martin Luther King Jr. in his Letter from Birmingham Jail (April 16, 1963) arguing that “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.â€
Also, later the holocaust survivour, Nobel Peace prize winner Elie Wiesel in his book Un die welt hot geshvign (And the World Kept Silent) later updated as Night, wrote: “Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant. Whenever men or women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must — at that moment — become the centre of the universe.â€
Biafra, Rwanda, Darfur and other geopolitical zones of killings and human tragedy are reminders of the past and continuing centres of the universe.
Reflecting on the crises of 1994, Gen. Romeo Dallaire, the UN commander whose call for reinforcements was ignored, said recently: “The international community did not give one damn for Rwandans because Rwanda was a country of no strategic importance.†Bill Clinton was the president of the US at the time.
The second lesson of the Rwanda Hutu-imposed genocide is that we have all seen the face of evil; sometimes, they reside among us. The Rwanda genocide is still fresh as the zone where next door neighbours and teenagers used knives and machettes and dane guns and assault rifles to kill those they played soccer with and fetched water from the same stream only a few hours earlier.
Hutu set Tutsi houses on fire to destroy the lives of those who sang and played at the churches and village squares. The slaughter of women and children and all moving objects with any and all available weapons marked a new low in the depravity of malice and prejudice. The Rwandans have been for decades almost 92% Christians (57% Catholic).
There are almost 10 million Rwandans. Demographically, the Hutu (Bantu) form 84% of the population while the endangered Tutsi (Hamitic) constitute only 13%. There are the Twa (Pygmy) who form 1.4%.
A third lesson of the domestic slaughter in 1994 in Rwanda is the highlight of the wider bloody history of annual violent bigotry inside Africa by Africans, what I call Africans-on-Africans-violence.
They remind me of an interview the Voice of America (VOA) international service on September 11, 2002 where I said that: “The armies of bigotry, and murderous hatefulness have left a very severe and deadly impact on Africa.†Those armies, to be sure, are both external and local. Which leads to the fourth lesson; a question: when will the blame everything on the white man-white person and colonialists and colonialism.
Think beyond the instinct to hold external factors entirely responsible for the continent’s problems?
I must note, that for all the divide and conquer and arbitrary mapping and lumping of dissimilar ethnic nationalities into awkward countries, for all the despoliation and degradation and exploitation of our African continent, white people did not compel the Hutu to express such primitive, medieval hateful, mechanised malice against their compatriots, the Tutsi.
The fifth lesson of the Rwanda genocide reveals the nakedness of one of the dirty secrets of African leaderships over the past 60 years: the weak-kneed clause of non-interference into the sovereign issues in other member states of the defunct organisation of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union.
They strive to protect their priviledged ponds of opulence and umbrellas of dictatorship and autocracy.
It is important to note that long before 1994 Rwanda, it is to the eternal credit of the late, great sage and President of Tanzania, Dr. Julius Nyerere that he tore the veil off the tawdry non-interference and sovereignty in the face of human catastrophe when he interfered progressively against Nigeria’s starvation policies against then Biafrans (Igbo, Anang, Efik and 13 million other south eastern Nigerians during their 1967-1970 war for survival and independence from the rest of Nigeria). After Biafra, Nyerere stood up against the dictator Amin of Uganda in 1979, forcing Amin's regime to fall.
The sixth lesson derives from another question: long before and 15 years after the bloody genocide in Rwanda, millions of people still wonder when the looters and dealers masquerading as African leaders will be responsive and sensitive.
When will they provide the basic, fundamental justification for the creation of their countries? Why are Africans and other parts of the world held in some of these corrupt cages, sorry countries, by very corrupt leaders?
The seventh lesson demands that the problems are not 100% local. Political economy fact is that the Western world and colonialist Europe, especially, have some responsibility for sowing the festering seeds to some of these problems by cobbling ethnic nations arbitrarily.
Some of the countries have been hampered through neo-colonialist financial structures and wealth transfers, predatory actions which fuel their collapse as another of bankrupt African economies and geo-politically failed states.
The eight lesson is that humankind overcomes evil, over time. Today, Rwandans are healing and rebuilding their infrastructure but the question remains.
When will Africans, their leaders and all of the world’s leaders aggressively defend the lives of all people as a stand for the common thread of our shared humanity?
I agree with prophet Dr. King’s global connectedness of injustice and justice. Those leaders who failed us on Rwanda failed to heed the lessons of history and King’s moral challenge.
Publisher of USAfricaonline.com