Universal HIV tests could stop transmission of the virus 
Dec 05, 2008
NEAR-UNIVERSAL HIV tests and immediate drug treatment for HIV-positive people would almost eliminate transmission of the deadly virus within a decade, a computer model has shown. <br>
NEAR-UNIVERSAL HIV tests and immediate drug treatment for HIV-positive people would almost eliminate transmission of the deadly virus within a decade, a computer model has shown.
Doing this would cost more initially, but save money down the road because there would be fewer HIV-infected people to treat, Reuben Granich and colleagues at the World Health Organisation (WHO) wrote in the journal The Lancet.
The researchers emphasised that their findings do not represent a new WHO policy but rather stand as a call for discussion on how to better tackle the AIDS epidemic and the role of antiretroviral drugs.
“Although other prevention strategies, alone or in combination, could substantially reduce HIV incidence, our model suggests that only universal voluntary HIV testing and immediate initiation of antiretroviral drugs could reduce transmission to the point at which elimination might be feasible by 2020 for a generalised epidemic, such as that in South Africa,†they wrote.
Granich and colleagues used data from South Africa as a test case for a generalised epidemic which assumed all HIV transmission was through heterosexual sex.
This showed that voluntary screening, in which at least 90% of the population took part, and immediate drug treatment for those testing positive, could reduce HIV transmission by more than 95% in 10 years.
The AIDS virus infects an estimated 33 million people globally, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, and has killed 25 million.
The advent, in the 1990s, of combination drug therapy called highly active antiretroviral therapy, has extended the lives of many HIV-infected people.
About three million people worldwide had received the drug cocktails by the end of 2007, far short of the estimated 6.7 million still in need of treatment.
There are, of course, drawbacks which the researchers and other scientists pointed out. One is how health systems in poor countries can cope with widespread testing, and whether people can stick to the drugs they must take for life.
“At its best, the strategy would prevent morbidity and mortality for the population, both through better treatment of the individual and reduced spread of HIV.
At its worst, the strategy will involve over-testing, over-treatment, side effects, resistance, and potentially reduced autonomy of the individual in their choices of care,†Geoffrey Garnett, a researcher, wrote.
Reuters
Doing this would cost more initially, but save money down the road because there would be fewer HIV-infected people to treat, Reuben Granich and colleagues at the World Health Organisation (WHO) wrote in the journal The Lancet.
The researchers emphasised that their findings do not represent a new WHO policy but rather stand as a call for discussion on how to better tackle the AIDS epidemic and the role of antiretroviral drugs.
“Although other prevention strategies, alone or in combination, could substantially reduce HIV incidence, our model suggests that only universal voluntary HIV testing and immediate initiation of antiretroviral drugs could reduce transmission to the point at which elimination might be feasible by 2020 for a generalised epidemic, such as that in South Africa,†they wrote.
Granich and colleagues used data from South Africa as a test case for a generalised epidemic which assumed all HIV transmission was through heterosexual sex.
This showed that voluntary screening, in which at least 90% of the population took part, and immediate drug treatment for those testing positive, could reduce HIV transmission by more than 95% in 10 years.
The AIDS virus infects an estimated 33 million people globally, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, and has killed 25 million.
The advent, in the 1990s, of combination drug therapy called highly active antiretroviral therapy, has extended the lives of many HIV-infected people.
About three million people worldwide had received the drug cocktails by the end of 2007, far short of the estimated 6.7 million still in need of treatment.
There are, of course, drawbacks which the researchers and other scientists pointed out. One is how health systems in poor countries can cope with widespread testing, and whether people can stick to the drugs they must take for life.
“At its best, the strategy would prevent morbidity and mortality for the population, both through better treatment of the individual and reduced spread of HIV.
At its worst, the strategy will involve over-testing, over-treatment, side effects, resistance, and potentially reduced autonomy of the individual in their choices of care,†Geoffrey Garnett, a researcher, wrote.
Reuters