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Dec 20, 2005
<b>I have HIV, I want kids</b><br><br>Dear doctor, I am HIV positive, on antiretrovial drugs and my viral load has gone down to undetectable levels.
I have HIV, I want kids
Dear doctor, I am HIV positive, on antiretrovial drugs and my viral load has gone down to undetectable levels. I am in a serious relationship with an HIV positive young woman and we are even planning to have children. What is the risk of going live with her? You need courage to practice safer sexual behaviour and do not get tired of it to avoid re-infection. Despite the lack of widespread clinical evidence that re-infection leads to adverse clinical outcomes, many people living with AIDS are making their own risk reduction decisions about the potential consequences of re-infection. The majority have chosen to reduce unprotected behaviour with known HIV-positive partners, and suspected ones as partners who could be HIV positive. It is important to know that there is a potentiality of being re-infected with a more virulent strain of HIV, causing a possibility of acquiring a new resistant HIV strain that will require you to start on a heavier load of two different drug regiments: one for the first HIV and another for the new HIV infection. This in effect will expose you to another set of drug side effects. Re-infection can also accelerate the disease progress and speed up your demise. It is better to keep on condoms. And if you want babies, visit a fertility specialist gynaecologist to advise you on artificial insemination methods with "washed" sperms.
Stones in my scrotum
Dear Doctor I have small painless stones in my scrotum. A scan at Mulago Hospital revealed nothing but when I touch my testicles, I feel these hard swellings like stones. Please tell me what this could be. I am very worried. Dear Andrew, The presence of painless stones in the scrotum (intrascrotal lithiasis), which cannot be detected by Ultrasound is rare. Intrascrotal calculi (stones) are usually small in size. The very tiny ones are usually found accidentally during surgery or testicular ultrasound examination and considered to be benign and clinically insignificant. The largest scrotal stone ever seen was in 1935 when a stone spontaneously dropped out of a 93-year-old man's scrotum and was 420g. It was composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate. The prevalence of scrotal stones has significantly been found to be associated with mountain bicycle riders, hydrocele patients, primary infertility or past exposure to STDs. The cause of these stones formation is still unclear. It may result from chronic inflammation of the testes, damaging its layers, their lymphatics and other soft tissues of the scrotum and spermatic cord, leading to fibrosis. They are formed when water molecules, which are smaller, pass through the testes membranes, leaving larger molecules of cholesterol, calcium compounds, fibrin, and hydroxyapatite to remain in the scrotum. They accumulate to form stones. In smaller hydroceles, where little movement is possible, these molecules adhere to previous deposits to form big stones, but the deposits may break up in larger hydroceles, (where more movement is possible) resulting in many small ones. Ultrasound is the ideal method to diagnose scrotal stones. Surgical treatment may be the best option to relieve off the intrascrotal calculi.
Dr. Herbert J Mugarura mugarrajk@doctor.com
077444526
Dear doctor, I am HIV positive, on antiretrovial drugs and my viral load has gone down to undetectable levels. I am in a serious relationship with an HIV positive young woman and we are even planning to have children. What is the risk of going live with her? You need courage to practice safer sexual behaviour and do not get tired of it to avoid re-infection. Despite the lack of widespread clinical evidence that re-infection leads to adverse clinical outcomes, many people living with AIDS are making their own risk reduction decisions about the potential consequences of re-infection. The majority have chosen to reduce unprotected behaviour with known HIV-positive partners, and suspected ones as partners who could be HIV positive. It is important to know that there is a potentiality of being re-infected with a more virulent strain of HIV, causing a possibility of acquiring a new resistant HIV strain that will require you to start on a heavier load of two different drug regiments: one for the first HIV and another for the new HIV infection. This in effect will expose you to another set of drug side effects. Re-infection can also accelerate the disease progress and speed up your demise. It is better to keep on condoms. And if you want babies, visit a fertility specialist gynaecologist to advise you on artificial insemination methods with "washed" sperms.
Stones in my scrotum
Dear Doctor I have small painless stones in my scrotum. A scan at Mulago Hospital revealed nothing but when I touch my testicles, I feel these hard swellings like stones. Please tell me what this could be. I am very worried. Dear Andrew, The presence of painless stones in the scrotum (intrascrotal lithiasis), which cannot be detected by Ultrasound is rare. Intrascrotal calculi (stones) are usually small in size. The very tiny ones are usually found accidentally during surgery or testicular ultrasound examination and considered to be benign and clinically insignificant. The largest scrotal stone ever seen was in 1935 when a stone spontaneously dropped out of a 93-year-old man's scrotum and was 420g. It was composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate. The prevalence of scrotal stones has significantly been found to be associated with mountain bicycle riders, hydrocele patients, primary infertility or past exposure to STDs. The cause of these stones formation is still unclear. It may result from chronic inflammation of the testes, damaging its layers, their lymphatics and other soft tissues of the scrotum and spermatic cord, leading to fibrosis. They are formed when water molecules, which are smaller, pass through the testes membranes, leaving larger molecules of cholesterol, calcium compounds, fibrin, and hydroxyapatite to remain in the scrotum. They accumulate to form stones. In smaller hydroceles, where little movement is possible, these molecules adhere to previous deposits to form big stones, but the deposits may break up in larger hydroceles, (where more movement is possible) resulting in many small ones. Ultrasound is the ideal method to diagnose scrotal stones. Surgical treatment may be the best option to relieve off the intrascrotal calculi.
Dr. Herbert J Mugarura mugarrajk@doctor.com
077444526