Indonesian Defence Minister Prabowo Subianto on Thursday looked set to become the new president of the world's third-largest democracy, likely avoiding a runoff vote against election rivals who have yet to concede.

The ex-general declared victory Wednesday evening after preliminary counts from government-approved pollsters -- previously shown to be reliable -- indicated he would win high office with a majority in his third attempt.

The slower, official count by the archipelago's election commission also showed the 72-year-old on course for the presidency at nearly 57 percent with 43.5 percent of votes counted, more than double his nearest rival.

"This victory should be a victory for all Indonesians," Prabowo told a rapturous crowd in the capital Jakarta on Wednesday evening.

He said he would assemble a government "consisting of the best sons and daughters of Indonesia".

President Joko Widodo told reporters Thursday he met with Prabowo the previous evening to congratulate him.

"(I said) 'congratulations, congratulations'. I met him directly," he said.

In reaction to Prabowo's victory, markets in Southeast Asia's biggest economy jumped by nearly two percent, energised by Prabowo's vows of continuity in the resource-rich archipelago.

His supporters danced outside his Jakarta residence after the preliminary polls showed him winning.

The government-approved polling groups' "quick counts" have also been used to claim victory in previous elections.

Prabowo lost the previous two presidential polls to popular outgoing leader Jokowi, as he is popularly known.

But he now appears on the cusp of succeeding his former rival, who observers say has unfairly backed his defence chief's campaign.

Fellow candidate Anies Baswedan, who had been the favourite to battle Prabowo in the event of a runoff, said he would respect the result only when it was finalised.

A spokesperson for Ganjar Pranowo, polling third, told reporters his team had discovered "structured, systematic and massive" electoral fraud, without providing evidence.

But analysts said a Prabowo win was almost assured.

"It's all over for Anies and Ganjar," said Adrian Vickers, a professor at the University of Sydney.

Officials return ballot boxes from polling stations at the sub-district office in Jakarta on February 15 2024, a day after Indonesia held its presidential and legislative elections. - Indonesian Defence Minister Prabowo Subianto on February 15 looked set to become the new president of the world's third-largest democracy, likely avoiding a runoff vote against election rivals who have yet to concede. (Photo by BAY ISMOYO / AFP)

 'Looking forward' 
Much was made internationally about Prabowo's human rights track record in the run-up to the vote.

NGOs and former bosses accuse Prabowo of ordering the abduction of democracy activists towards the end of the three-decade Suharto dictatorship in the late 1990s.

Some of those activists have never been found, and witnesses accuse his military unit of committing atrocities in East Timor.

He was discharged from the military over the abductions but denied the allegations and was never charged.

But voters appear to have overlooked that history as he rehabilitated his image from a feared military figure to a "cuddly grandpa" who dances on social media.

"The 'gemoy' (cute) narrative has made him popular," said 24-year-old voter Adellia Natasha.

"But it makes youngsters blinded to politics."

Another key factor in his popularity was picking Jokowi's eldest son, 36-year-old Gibran Rakabuming Raka, as his running mate, a move that raised eyebrows.

Indonesia's then-chief justice, who is Jokowi's brother-in-law, in October changed the rules that had barred candidates below the age of 40 from running for high office.

Some observers have also accused Jokowi of improperly using government funds to support Prabowo, who has rejected accusations of impropriety.

Some of Indonesia's allies have so far avoided congratulating the fiery populist on his apparent victory, with the official announcement still weeks away.

Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong told a Senate hearing on Thursday that Canberra looked "forward to working closely with the next president" when they are inaugurated in October.

The United States congratulated Indonesians for their "robust turnout" in a statement that did not mention Prabowo.

But Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong called Prabowo to congratulate him "on his strong performance in the election", with the pair discussing bilateral ties and areas of cooperation, Lee's press secretary said in a statement Thursday.

Rights groups, however, pointed to concerns about Prabowo, saying he needed to be transparent about his history.

"That goes for both current rights issues as well as accountability and justice for what happened in the past," said Phil Robertson, Asia deputy director of Human Rights Watch.

Prabowo's sweeping win was also criticised on local and social media.

The hashtag #RIPDemokrasi trended on X, formerly Twitter, overnight with tens of thousands of posts after Prabowo declared victory.

Local newspaper Jakarta Post led with the headline "Prabowo wins" and an editorial that said "the result should not surprise anyone" because of the reports of government resources used to help Prabowo.

"In the end, it wasn't even close," the paper wrote.