Avoid animal diseases in your home

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For anyone considering animal keeping as an economic activity, maintaining animal health is key to achieving the best results.

According to Peter Mubiru, a veterinary doctor, a sick animal is a source of concern for any owner.

"Some people avoid calling a vet, yet the disease may be serious," he says.

"Like people, animals are vulnerable to diseases caused by germs, viruses, bacteria, and parasites," Mubiru adds. When animals get sick, they not only suffer, but also lose economic value.

Fred Mugarura, an expert in dairy farming, stresses that a good farmer must establish a regular milking programme.

"Consistency is essential for good quality and quantity," he explains.

This involves understanding the cows' needs, spotting issues like udder problems, and ensuring proper feeding. Preparing cows by cleaning the udder with warm water and checking for mastitis before milking is essential to promoting long-term productivity.

Maintaining cleanliness in the animal shed and among feeding equipment helps prevent disease.

Mugarura emphasises that vaccinating livestock against common contagious diseases is vital for disease prevention.

Mubiru adds that if an animal is sick, it should be isolated from the rest of the herd.

He also advises farmers to carefully research any animals they plan to purchase, as breeding stock health can affect the entire farm.

Preventing the spread of animal diseases

Animals can carry bacteria, viruses, parasites, worms, and fungi that may infect people.

Mubiru notes that even seemingly healthy pets may transmit diseases through bites, saliva, or waste.

Dr Agnes Nyakato, another veterinary surgeon, says pet owners should prioritise regular treatment to ensure that pets remain disease-free.

"Healthy pets make for a healthier household," she asserts.

Nyakato adds that pets can fulfil various roles in households, from providing security to offering companionship. However, pet owners should be aware of the health implications of pet ownership.

Vaccinations are one of the best preventive measures.

Dr Mubiru explains that dogs need vaccination against parvovirosis at six weeks and a "cocktail" vaccine covering multiple diseases by eight weeks. By 12 weeks, dogs should also receive a rabies shot.

Annual boosters help maintain protection. Similarly, cats need vaccines for rabies, calicivirus, panleucopenia, and rhinotracheitis at 12 weeks, with follow-up boosters at six months and annually thereafter. The law requires yearly rabies vaccinations for dogs and cats due to zoonotic risks.

Deworming and internal health

Cats should be kept from hunting wild animals to avoid diseases like toxoplasmosis and tapeworms, which they may contract from vermin.

Regular deworming is also crucial, and experts recommend every three months for adult cats and monthly for kittens. For dogs, deworming can involve natural mixtures made from plants like Moringa oleifera and Ricinus communis.